Skip to content
← All technical concepts

Taxes · plain-English guide

Separate the tax year from the payment year

Choose whether tax is paid as it arises or partly settled the following year, and see the effect on available cash.

2 min readWorked example included
How to read itTax payment timing
Core relationshipfollowing-year settlement = current-year liability − current-year modeled withholding

Conceptual illustration. The annual engine resolves the connected taxes and cash flows described below.

Start here

The basics

Tax timing in the plan settings controls when the modeled bill leaves your cash. Same-year payment settles the bill in the year the income arises. Following-year settlement models withholding during the year and a later bill or refund.

Changing the payment date does not move the income into a different tax year.

Illustrative numbers

Leave room for the later bill

Tax liability for the year$20,000

Withheld during the year$15,000

Following-year payment$5,000

The $5,000 is a timing difference, not tax savings. If the year had instead overpaid, the excess would return as a later refund under this setting.

Calculation transparency

How it works in MoneyWhatIf

  1. 01

    In following-year mode, the withholding percentage scales the tax already modeled on the paycheck-side income. A setting of 100% means that modeled tax, not 100% of gross salary.

  2. 02

    The remaining liability, including tax generated by later funding decisions, settles in the following year. Different cash availability can change withdrawals and future investment balances.

  3. 03

    Tax attribution and income-sensitive calculations stay with the year the income arose. For example, delaying the payment does not delay that income’s IRMAA lookback.

  4. 04

    The Estate page includes an unsettled final tax return among obligations left at the end of the projection.

Keep in mind

Model limits

This is annual cash timing; it does not schedule quarterly estimated payments or calculate underpayment penalties.

The year-so-far withholding fields are separate: they credit tax already withheld before a new partial-year plan begins.

This explanation documents the planning model. It is educational, not individualized tax, legal, Medicare, or investment advice.

Where it appears

Where to use it

See this concept in context, with a guide to each page and its controls.

The words behind it

Related financial terms

Plain-English definitions, with 2026 figures and worked examples, from the financial terms glossary.

Browse every financial term →