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Taxes · plain-English guide

Net investment income tax (NIIT)

Understand the additional 3.8% federal tax that can apply to investment income when income exceeds a threshold.

2 min readWorked example included
How to read itNIIT
Core relationshipNIIT = 3.8% × min(net investment income, MAGI − threshold)

Conceptual illustration. The annual engine resolves the connected taxes and cash flows described below.

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The basics

NIIT is a separate federal tax layer. High wages can push MAGI above the threshold, but wages themselves are not net investment income; the tax still needs investment income to attach to.

Illustrative numbers

Income over the threshold

Single-filer MAGI$230,000

Threshold$200,000

Net investment income$10,000

The smaller amount is $10,000, so modeled NIIT is $380. If investment income were $50,000, only the $30,000 MAGI excess would be exposed.

Calculation transparency

How it works in MoneyWhatIf

  1. 01

    The model uses fixed thresholds of $200,000 for single and $250,000 for joint filing.

  2. 02

    Taxable investment interest, modeled dividends, realized capital gains, and the net rental income Schedule E leaves standing can enter net investment income; wages and retirement withdrawals do not.

  3. 03

    NIIT is included inside the federal tax result and is repriced after withdrawals or asset sales change the year.

Keep in mind

Model limits

The official definition includes trade-or-business, expense-allocation, and exclusion detail that the lifetime projection does not collect.

The model does not separately itemize investment expenses or passive-activity groupings.

The fixed thresholds are not inflated; this follows current law treatment in the code snapshot.

This explanation documents the planning model. It is educational, not individualized tax, legal, Medicare, or investment advice.

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